Table 5 Antibodies against immune suppressive immune cells-associated molecules

Cabiralizumab

CSF-1R

TAMs, MDSCs

Inhibits CSF-1R signaling, reducing the recruitment and suppressive function of TAMs and MDSCs

HCC (trials)

NCT04050462

AMG 820

CSF-1R

TAMs, MDSCs

Reduces recruitment and function of immunosuppressive TAMs and MDSCs

Solid tumors (trials),

HCC (none)

NCT02713529

Bevacizumab

VEGF

TAMs, MDSCs

Inhibits VEGF to reduce angiogenesis and TAM-mediated immunosuppression

HCC (approved in combo with atezolizumab),

Colorectal (approved)

NCT03434379 (HCC)

Monalizumab

NKG2A

NK, T cells

Blocks NKG2A to restore NK and T cell activity against tumors

SCC (trials), 

HCC (none)

NCT02643550

Relatlimab

LAG-3

Tregs, exh-T cells

Blocks LAG-3 to enhance T cell activation and reduce Treg-mediated suppression

Melanoma (approved), 

HCC (trials)

NCT03470922

NCT05337137 (HCC)

Etigilimab (MPH313)

TIGIT

Tregs, exh-T cells

Blocks TIGIT to restore T cell activity and reduce Treg-mediated suppression

Solid tumors (trials), 

HCC (none)

NCT04761198

PF-04136309

CCR2

TAMs, MDSCs

Inhibits CCR2 signaling, reducing recruitment and function of TAMs and MDSCs

PDAC (trials), 

HCC (none)

NCT02732938

Fresolimumab

TGF-β

CAFs

Neutralizes TGF-β, reducing its immunosuppressive effects

NSCLC (trials), HCC (none)

NCT02581787

NIS793

TGF-β

CAFs

Neutralizes TGF-β, reducing its immunosuppressive effects

Advanced tumors (trials)

NCT02947165

Pamrevlumab

CTGF

CAFs

Inhibits CTGF, a key regulator of fibrosis, reducing tumor stiffness and enhancing immune infiltration

Pancreatic cancer (trials), 

HCC (none)

NCT02210559

RO6874281

Sibrotuzumab

FAP

CAFs

Targets FAP-expressing CAFs, which are involved in ECM remodeling and immunosuppression

PDAC (trials), 

HCC (none)

NCT03193190